What do the tie ups tell us ? No one company , no matter how large , can tackle the breadth of climate change issues alone – and collaborations hold a better chance of delivering on targets quickly . The succession of partnerships underline the urgency of the situation .

What are the pros and cons ? These are leaders in their respective fields , so the prospect of combining technological and operational knowledge should yield results . But much remains unknown .

How effective will biomass be as a source of energy and in the application of carbon capture and utilisation ( CCU ) in steel production ?

What ’ s the next step ? The spirit of collaboration is welcome , but commercial and confidentiality borders may need to be drawn up or arrangements formalised as joint ventures .

� PENSANA Pensana has broken ground at its Saltend hub , which it claims will be the world ' s first rare earth processing facility powered by offshore wind .

� EQUINOX GOLD Equinox Gold Corp ’ s Mesquite Mine poured its 5 millionth oz of gold on July 20 . Mesquite , which started operations in March 1986 , is the largest gold mine in California .

� WILUNA GOLD Australian gold producer Wiluna Mining has entered administration after grappling with cost , creditor and supply chain issues .

� BUSHVELD MINERALS Bushveld Minerals posted an underlying EBITDA loss of $ 7.5mn in 2021 , which it attributed to the strength of the South African rand impacting expenses and international and domestic logistical challenges .

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